1. 安装 OpenJDK

sudo apt-get install openjdk-6-jre

2. 检查安装是否成功

java -version

#运行结果
java version "1.6.0_20"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (IcedTea6 1.9.7) (6b20-1.9.7-0ubuntu1)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 19.0-b09, mixed mode)

3. 设置 JAVA_HOME 环境变量

在 ~/.bashrc 中增加下面一行

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-openjdk

4. 下载和安装 Tomcat

wget http://apache.tradebit.com/pub/tomcat/tomcat-6/v6.0.32/bin/apache-tomcat-6.0.32.tar.gz
tar xvzf apache-tomcat-6.0.32.tar.gz
sudo mv apache-tomcat-6.0.32 /usr/local/tomcat
sudo chmod -R 755 /usr/local/tomcat

5. 让 Tomcat 在系统启动时自动运行

sudo nano /etc/init.d/tomcat

内容如下：

# Tomcat server auto-start script

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-openjdk

case $1 in
start)
sh /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
;;
stop)
sh /usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
;;
restart)
sh /usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
sh /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
;;
esac
exit 0

6. 设置可执行权限

sudo chmod 755 /etc/init.d/tomcat
sudo ln -s /etc/init.d/tomcat /etc/rc1.d/K99tomcat
sudo ln -s /etc/init.d/tomcat /etc/rc2.d/S99tomcat

7. 启动 Tomcat

sh /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh

运行结果：

Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar

8. 停止 Tomcat

sh /usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh

当然，你也可以使用 sun-java-jdk 而不是 OpenJDK。